Humans perceive frequency as pitch; The sound intensity is the amplitude; Humans can only hear a specific range of sound, usually from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz; The factors that go into a sound are its intensity, frequency, and overtones …
Three Types of Muscle Tissue: The Function of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle: About half of your body’s weight is muscle. In the muscular system, muscle tissue is categorized into three distinct types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Each type of …
The hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are …
The usual physics terminology for motion that repeats itself over and over is periodic motion, and the time required for one repetition is called the period, often expressed as the letter T. (The symbol P is not used because of …
Earth is estimated to be about 4.5 billion years old, and for much of that history, it has been home to life in one weird form or another. Indeed, some scientists think life appeared the moment our planet’s environment was …
The odor of vinegar caused by the presence of acetic acid, a carboxylic acid, in the vinegar. The odor of ripe bananas and many other fruits is due to the presence of esters, compounds that can be prepared by the …
Hooke’s law is an approximation of the response of elastic (i.e., spring-like) bodies. It states: the extension of a spring is in direct proportion with the load applied to it. For instance, the spring is pulled downwards with either no-load, …
In its simplest definition, hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down the bonds of a particular substance. In biotechnology and as far as living organisms are concerned, these substances are often polymers. The word …
Chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants, is a complex that contains magnesium. An example of a main-group element in a coordination complex. Plants appear green because chlorophyll absorbs red and purple light; the reflected light consequently appears green. The energy …
Heat capacity (usually denoted by a capital C, often with subscripts), or thermal capacity, is the measurable physical quantity that characterizes the amount of heat required to change a substance’s temperature by a given amount. In SI units, heat capacity …