For covalent substances, the formula represents the numbers and types of atoms composing a single molecule of the substance; therefore, the formula mass refers to a molecular mass. Consider chloroform (CHCl3), a covalent compound once used as a surgical anesthetic …
A round-off error, also called rounding error, is the difference between the calculated approximation of a number and its exact mathematical value. Numerical analysis specifically tries to estimate this error when using approximation equations, algorithms, or both, especially when using …
A cell’s DNA, packaged as a double-stranded DNA molecule, is called its genome. In prokaryotes, the genome is composed of a single, double-stranded DNA molecule in the form of a loop or circle. The region in the cell containing this …
The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most succinct way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of each of its constituent elements is often …
The shape of Earth’s magnetic field is approximately similar to the magnetized ball’s field. Earth’s magnetic poles drift slowly. Presently they are close to geographic poles. According to Canada’s geologic survey, has Earth’s magnetic South Pole drifted with a mean …
Cytokinesis, or “cell motion,” is sometimes viewed as the second main stage of the mitotic phase, during which cell division is completed via the physical separation of the cytoplasmic components into two daughter cells. Cytokinesis can also be viewed as …
Percentages are also commonly used to express the composition of mixtures, including solutions. The mass percentage of a solution component is defined as the ratio of the component’s mass to the solution’s mass, expressed as a percentage: Mass percentage = …
Under normal conditions, a magnetic material like iron doesn’t behave like a magnet because the domains don’t have a preferred direction of alignment. On the other hand, the domains of a magnet (or a magnetized iron) are all aligned in …
Meiosis is the nuclear division that forms haploid cells from diploid cells, and it employs many of the same cellular mechanisms as mitosis. However, as you have learned, mitosis produces daughter cells whose nuclei are genetically identical to the original …
The substances undergoing reactions are called reactants, and their formulas placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products. Their formulas placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) …