The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is its atomic number (Z). It is the defining trait of an element: Its value determines the identity of the atom. For example, any atom that contains six protons is …
To live in this world, all living beings need to perform certain important functions. These functions are called life processes. The following life processes are required to live: Movement: Movement is when the living organism moves a body part or parts …
In physics, power is the rate of doing work. It is the amount of energy consumed per unit time. The unit of power is the joule per second (J/s), known as the watt (in honor of James Watt, the eighteenth-century …
ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate Even exergonic, energy-releasing reactions require a small amount of activation energy to proceed. However, consider endergonic reactions, which require much more energy input, because their products have more free energy than the reactants. Within the cell, from …
The structural formula for a compound gives the same information as to its molecular formula (the types and numbers of atoms in the molecule) but also shows how the atoms connect in the molecule. The structural formula for methane contains …
A hologram is a true three-dimensional image recorded on film by lasers. Holograms are used for amusement; decoration on novelty items and magazine covers; security on credit cards and driver’s licenses (a laser and other equipment are needed to reproduce …
As you have read, nearly all of the energy used by living cells comes to them in the bonds of sugar glucose. Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. Nearly all …
When an element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) reacts with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a non-metal), a transfer of electrons usually occurs, producing ions. The compound formed by this transfer stabilizes …
The principle was discovered in the 3rd century B.C. by the Greek mathematician. Archimedes. It states that when a body is partially or immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upward thrust equal to the weight of the fluid displaced …
Red blood cells: Red blood cells (RBCs, also called erythrocytes;) are shaped like slightly indented, flattened disks. RBCs contain haemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen. Blood gets its bright red colour when haemoglobin picks up oxygen in the lungs. As …