All forms of life on earth, whether microbes, plants, animals, or human beings, contain genes. Genetic diversity is the sum of genetic information contained in the genes of individual plants, animals, and micro-organisms. Each species is the storehouse of an …
When forming a cation, an atom of the main group element tends to lose all of its valence electrons, thus assuming the electronic structure of the noble gas that precedes it in the periodic table. For groups 1 (the alkali …
Each planet revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one focus. The straight line joining the Sun and the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals. The squares of the orbital periods of …
Theory of Evolution: Darwin’s theory of evolution declared that species survived through a process called “natural selection,” where those that successfully adapted or evolved to meet the changing requirements of their natural habitat thrived and reproduced, while those species that …
Radiation can harm either the whole body (somatic damage) or eggs and sperm (genetic damage). Its effects are more pronounced in cells that reproduce rapidly, such as the stomach lining, hair follicles, bone marrow, and embryos. The reason is why …
Enzyme / Protein Specific Function DNA pol I Removes RNA primer and replaces it with newly synthesized DNA. DNA pol III The main enzyme adds nucleotides in the 5′-3′ direction. Helicase It opens the DNA helix by breaking hydrogen bonds …
Radioisotopes used in medicine typically have short half-lives—for example, the ubiquitous Tc-99m has a half-life of 6.01 hours. It makes Tc-99m essentially impossible to store and prohibitively expensive to transport. Hospitals and other medical facilities use Mo-99 to generate Tc-99. …
Kinematics is the study of the motion of points, objects, and groups of objects without considering the causes of its motion.The study of kinematics can be abstracted into purely mathematical expressions. Kinematic equations can be used to calculate various aspects …
Microbial diversity is essential for the development of proper immunity function. Exposure in our environment gives our bodies a chance to recognize and develop the ability to fight off threatening and non-threatening microbes that we may encounter in the future. …