The energy levels labeled with an n value, where n = 1, 2, 3, The energy of an electron in an atom is greater for greater values of n. This number, n, is referred to as the principal quantum number. The principal quantum number defines the location of …
Viruses are the smallest of all the microbes. They are said to be so small that 500 million rhinoviruses (which cause the common cold) could fit on the head of a pin. They are unique because they are only alive …
Ions formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. A cation (positively charged ion) forms when one or more electrons removed from a parent atom. For main group elements, the electrons that added last are the first electrons removed. For transition …
The magnetic field in space around an electric current is proportional to the electric current which serves as its source, just as the electric field in space is proportional to the charge which serves as its source. Ampere’s Law states …
The autosomal chromosomes are the nonsex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes determine the sex of an individual. In humans, we have 23 pairs of chromosomes in total. This is made up of 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of …
As we move across a period from left to right, we generally find that each element has a smaller covalent radius than the element preceding it. It might seem counterintuitive because it implies that atoms with more electrons have a …
The sequencing method is known as the dideoxy chain termination method. The method is based on the use of chain terminators, the dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs). The ddNTPSs differ from the deoxynucleotides by the lack of a free 3′ OH group on …
The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a …