The Compton Effect is the term used for an unusual result observed when X-rays are scattered on some materials. By classical theory, when an electromagnetic wave is scattered off atoms, the wavelength of the scattered radiation is expected to be …
This vascular tissue made up of xylem and phloem that transports food and water throughout the plant.
This law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of an ideal gas increases or decreases by the same factor as its temperature (in Kelvin); in other words, temperature and volume are directly proportional.
All observers agree upon relative speed. Distance depends on an observer’s motion. Proper length L0 is the distance between two points measured by an observer who is at rest relative to both of the points. Length contraction is the decrease …
Soils are named and classified based on their horizons. The soil profile has four distinct layers: 1) O horizon; 2) A horizon; 3) B horizon, or subsoil; and 4) C horizon, or soil base. The O horizon has freshly decomposing …
The ozone-oxygen cycle involves three forms of oxygen: Atomic oxygen (O) Diatomic oxygen, or oxygen gas (O2) Ozone (O3)
An intriguing consequence of time dilation is that a space traveler moving at a high velocity relative to Earth would age less than the astronaut’s earthbound twin. This is often known as the twin paradox. Imagine the astronaut moving at …
Natural methods of asexual reproduction include strategies that plants have developed to self-propagate. Many plants—like ginger, onion, gladioli, and dahlia—continue to grow from buds that are present on the surface of the stem. In some plants, such as the sweet …
Increases in these atmospheric molecules and particles result in: The greenhouse effect: an elevation in the Earth’s surface temperature due to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by atmospheric gases. A depletion in ozone levels caused by the release of refrigerants, …
To find the location of an image formed by a spherical mirror, we first use ray tracing, which is the technique of drawing rays and using the law of reflection to determine the reflected rays (later, for lenses, we use …